In order to inspect the actual dynamic responses of a bridge structure,dynamic loading tests were carried out on the Songtoujiang bridge,a railway continuous beam bridge with a main span of 100 m and a pier of 99 m in high. The natural vibration and dynamic responses of this bridge structure were tested respectively under the conditions that a train passes by and brakes on the bridge at different velocities.
The process of the train through the bridge at three different velocities of 90km/h, 120km/h, 160km/h are simulated separately in two different girder material. Middle-span deflection time response graph of five spans and the time history response stress graph of the top and bottom flange in the middle-span section are given.
The experiments were made at room temperature without lubrication. Tribological parameters at different velocities and under different loads as well as a large number of SEM micrographs of friction surfaces were obtained. The comparison betWeen the tribological performances show that ZQSn12-2-S16MnCr is the best combination of material for couples of worm gear.
Through the indoor platform experiment, road experiment and environmental pollution of analogue tunnel experiment, the paper investigates the smog emission amount of diesel and CO emission of automobile in different velocities.
The simulation results under different velocities and road situations show this algorithm can effectively control vehicle to run according to the pre-given trajectory, and have good robustness and adaptability for the change of velocity and road curvature.
Referencing theLatest international standard ISO2631-1:1997(E),a parameter named synthetical vibration comfort is adopted to estimate the running performance by weighting the running performances of different velocities and different positions on the vehicle.
According to automobile theory,the velocities and loads of the tested automobile are set. Using the dynamometer to imitate the vehicle's constant velocity driving on real-road,the exhaust emissions of CO,HC,NO_x with the different shifts and different velocities are tested at the conditions of the different loads.
Successful DS ingots are obtained with fully lamellar microstructure parallel to longitudinal axis using a polycrystalline seed material at different velocities of 1000μm/min and 1500μm/min in Ti54Al46 binary alloys and Ti54Al43Si3 ternary alloys.
2. BaSO_4 was a stronger stimulus than Kaolin for induction of aggregation of platelets presented in CaCl_2-PRP, the different velocities of platlets aggregation from heterospecies induced by BaSO_4 were significantly cattle>ass>rabbit(P<0.01).
Above-and below-ground parts (shoot and root) grew at different velocities, relative growth rate of shoot being 0.234 ( g/g·week), and the value of root being 0.130. Net assimilation rate was 20.247 g/m2week.
Based on the numerical simulation of flow field,the flow of the flood-impacted pipe was simulated and analyzed according to the theory and method of CFD. On this basis,the flow and pressure distribution was determined,the pressure on the exposed pipes under flood impact at different velocities has calculated.
Since particles of different dimensions will have different velocities and temperatures, the corresponding continuum model will have n velocities and n temperatures at every point.
Collision of two jets issuing from channels with parallel walls for different velocities at the free surfaces
Also examined is the problem of the boundary layer between two homogeneous flows, flowing with different velocities.
The mechanism of formation of eddy structures is followed in detail for different velocities of the discontinuity and different ratios of the sides of the region.
The distributions of the frictional stress on the surface of the cylinder for different velocities of the wall motion are found.
In this paper the propagation of pulse wave on and the mutual coupling between conductors of a multi-conductor transmission system are analysed from the basic voltage and current equations. It is found from the analysis that on a completely transposed double-circuit three-phase system there will exist four pulse waves of different velocities originated from a system disturbance, and accordingly there will be four different values of the characteristic impedance. With these relations obtained, some...
In this paper the propagation of pulse wave on and the mutual coupling between conductors of a multi-conductor transmission system are analysed from the basic voltage and current equations. It is found from the analysis that on a completely transposed double-circuit three-phase system there will exist four pulse waves of different velocities originated from a system disturbance, and accordingly there will be four different values of the characteristic impedance. With these relations obtained, some peculiar phenomena of pulse wave propagation on lines can be explained, and the distortion, reflection, and refraction, etc., of waves can be computed according to given boundary conditions, thus giving theoretical support to practical measurements on lines. Examples are given to illustrate the method of analysis.
Part I The Basic Equations Some basic equations, which may be used to describe and analyse the impact action of a linear cam on the needle in the whole acting zone, are derived by applying the fundamental theory of vibration of single-degree-of-freedom system, basing on hypotheses for simplifying the important parameter-the transverse stiffness of the needle. In general, the whole acting zone of a linear cam may be divided into: 1. The impact zone, in which the first impact and several re-impacts occur....
Part I The Basic Equations Some basic equations, which may be used to describe and analyse the impact action of a linear cam on the needle in the whole acting zone, are derived by applying the fundamental theory of vibration of single-degree-of-freedom system, basing on hypotheses for simplifying the important parameter-the transverse stiffness of the needle. In general, the whole acting zone of a linear cam may be divided into: 1. The impact zone, in which the first impact and several re-impacts occur. The peak value of first impact force is equal to the sum of the resistance force to the needle and the amplititude of vibration, which is directly proportional to the velocity, the frequency and the mass of the needle. The re-impact force may be considered from the same point of view as the first impact, but a decrement factor q must be taken into account, which is determined by the initial longitudinal velocity of the needle when it begins to re-impact with the cam. The intermittant time between the impacts is directly proportional to the longitudinal velocity of the needle and inversely proportional to the frictional resistance force. 2. The steady zone. The acting force on the needle in this zone is equal to the sum of the damping and frictional resistance force. A typical model of the oscillogram of a linear cam acting force on the needle is also given in this paper. Part II Experiments and Conclusions A lot of experiments with various kinds of needle, cams and some different velocities have been made for investigating the actual impact action of a linear cam on a needle in the whole acting zone. The results of these experiments show that the basic equations in Part I, used to explain the main characteristics of the linear cam impact action on the needle are reliable. Some of the data and photographs obtained in the experiments are illustrated in this paper as examples. Integrating the theoretical analyses with experimental investigations, interesting conclusions on the following items are obtained: typical model of the oscillegrams of the linear cam impact action on the needle, the peak value of the first impact force, the acting force in the steady zone, the re-impact force, the intermittant time between the first impact and the re-impact, the effects of the slope of the cam, and the horizontal velocity of the needle on the impact force etc.
This paper discusses the role played by the interstellar gas in spiral galaxies. To represent a disk-shaped galaxy we adopt a two-gas-disk model (one for the interstellar gas disk and the other for the stellar disk). The following conclusions are drawn from our analysis: 1. With the different velocity dispersion between gas and stars, the stellar arm must be divorced from the gas arm; 2. Such divorce makes the spiral mode of density waves in a disk-shaped galaxy unstable; 3. The ratio η between the densities...
This paper discusses the role played by the interstellar gas in spiral galaxies. To represent a disk-shaped galaxy we adopt a two-gas-disk model (one for the interstellar gas disk and the other for the stellar disk). The following conclusions are drawn from our analysis: 1. With the different velocity dispersion between gas and stars, the stellar arm must be divorced from the gas arm; 2. Such divorce makes the spiral mode of density waves in a disk-shaped galaxy unstable; 3. The ratio η between the densities of gas and stars in galaxies should be less than a certain value to maintain the density waves for a long time; 4. The less the ratio η is, the more tightly the spiral arm winds up.
different velocities
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