|
For the seed of cereals, the differences among following categories in generation and ploidy can be observed: (1) seed coat and pericarp, maternal tissue, with 2N chromosomes; (2) embryo, offspring tissue, with 2N chromosomes; (3) endosperm, offepring tissue, with 3N chromosomes. In this paper, the connection of above situation with the inheritance research of seed traits was demonstrated. The genetic method for distingushing the maternal effect, cytoplasm ef- fect and nuclear genic effect, which may... For the seed of cereals, the differences among following categories in generation and ploidy can be observed: (1) seed coat and pericarp, maternal tissue, with 2N chromosomes; (2) embryo, offspring tissue, with 2N chromosomes; (3) endosperm, offepring tissue, with 3N chromosomes. In this paper, the connection of above situation with the inheritance research of seed traits was demonstrated. The genetic method for distingushing the maternal effect, cytoplasm ef- fect and nuclear genic effect, which may exist for embryo and endosperm traits, was pres- ented. 谷类作物种子的不同部分,在遗传学上互有不同,可归纳为:(1)种皮和果皮,母体组织,具2N染色体数;(2)胚,子代组织,具2N染色体数;(3)胚乳,子代组织,具3N染色体数。本文讨论了上述差异与种子性状遗传研究的关系,并对在胚和胚乳性状上可能存在的母体效应、细胞质效应和核基因效应,提出了相应的遗传学鉴定方法。 Ion channels in biomembranes have a variaty of the biological functions. In the past several years, the protein components of the voltage-gated Na+, Ca2+, and K+channels have been isolated and purified. Na+ and Ca2+ channels consist of a principal transmembrane subunit with a variadle numder of associated sudunits in different cell types. Amino acid sequences of the principal sudunit in Na+ and Ca2+ channel and the protein of K+ channel have been ditermined, and thier second structures of transmembrane topology... Ion channels in biomembranes have a variaty of the biological functions. In the past several years, the protein components of the voltage-gated Na+, Ca2+, and K+channels have been isolated and purified. Na+ and Ca2+ channels consist of a principal transmembrane subunit with a variadle numder of associated sudunits in different cell types. Amino acid sequences of the principal sudunit in Na+ and Ca2+ channel and the protein of K+ channel have been ditermined, and thier second structures of transmembrane topology have been given. According to the functionnal properties including the voltage sensitivity, opening kinetics, gated currents, and action of neurotoxins, several people have proposed the models of Na+ channel relating the functional three dimensional conformation. Coordinated application of biochemical, biophysical, and molecular genetic methods should lead to a clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of electrical excitadility. 生物膜离子通道具有多种重要的生理功能.近年,已分离、纯化了电压门控的Na~+、Ca~(2+)和K~+通道的蛋白质组分.Na~+和Ca~(2+)通道分别由一个构成离子孔洞的主要亚单位和数目不同的其他亚单位组成,K~+通道是单一的多肽.对Na~+、Ca~(2+)通道主要亚单位和K~+通道的氨基酸序列的测定表明,它们之间有许多相似性.已分别给出了三种通道跨膜排列的二级结构图象.考虑了Na~+通道的功能特性,包括电压敏感性、通道开放动力学、门控电流、神经毒素的作用等,已提出几种Na~+通道功能性构象模型. The different parts of plant seeds have different properties in terms of generation and ploidy of the genetic constitution; (1) seed coat, in maternal generation, with 2N chromosomes (2) embryo, offspring, 2N chromosomes; ( 3 ) endosperm, offspring, 3N chromosomes. And in the genetic expression, the existence of maternal,cytoplasm and nuclear gene effects may differ for different seed traits. In this paper some genetic methods distinguishing the situations mentioned above were presented for the genetic... The different parts of plant seeds have different properties in terms of generation and ploidy of the genetic constitution; (1) seed coat, in maternal generation, with 2N chromosomes (2) embryo, offspring, 2N chromosomes; ( 3 ) endosperm, offspring, 3N chromosomes. And in the genetic expression, the existence of maternal,cytoplasm and nuclear gene effects may differ for different seed traits. In this paper some genetic methods distinguishing the situations mentioned above were presented for the genetic research of seed traits. 植物种子的不同部分,在世代和倍性上各有不同,可大体分为:(1)种皮和果皮,属母体世代,染色体组成为2N;(2)胚,属后裔世代,染色体组成为2N;(3)胚乳,属后裔世代,染色体组成为3N。因此,同一种子上的不同性状,可能处于不同的世代和受不同的染色体组控制。而一个种子性状的遗传效应又可能有核基因效应、细胞质效应和母体效应。必须将上述复杂情况分析清楚,才能正确进行种子性状的遗传研究。本文讨论了上述各种遗传现象的遗传学特征;提出了通过具有相对种子性状的纯系的自交、杂交与回交,以鉴别该性状的世代、倍性和遗传效应的方法。
|