Results ApEn was 0.84±0.05 in the state of consciousness and 0.71±0.06 upon loss of consciousness,and BIS in the corresponding stages were 80.2±6.2 and 67.3±7.9,respectively.
The differences of serum GOT,LDH,CK,α-HBDH and CK-MB in 46 patients with disturbance of consciousness were significant compared with those in 82 patiens without disturbance of consciousness(P<0.05),the difference of serum CK was very significant between them (P<0.01).
Comprehensive bioelectrographic analysis of mechanisms of the alternative state of consciousness
The phenomenon of phasic activation of energy emission processes during the accomplishment of mental activity in an alternative state of consciousness was revealed for the first time.
The data obtained are analyzed from the viewpoint of the specific features of neurophysiological and psychophysical mechanisms of the formation of alternative states of consciousness in conditions of systematic mental training.
Changes in Cortical Activity in Altered States of Consciousness: The Study of Meditation by High-Resolution EEG
Functionally different reactive changes in the EEG were detected even in deep inhibition of consciousness (a vegetative state).
There are diverse opinions concerning the exact position of the psychotic hysteria in the psychiatric classification. Thus, 314 cases of psychotic hysteria admitted into our hospital during the period of September 1958 to March 1967 were analyzed. The male/female ratio was 1:4.6. Half of the patients had onset of the disease when they were 26-40 years old; 64％ had character traits of over-anthusiasm and/or narrowmindedness. Only 1.56％ had family history of mental disorder. According to symptomatology, the patients...
There are diverse opinions concerning the exact position of the psychotic hysteria in the psychiatric classification. Thus, 314 cases of psychotic hysteria admitted into our hospital during the period of September 1958 to March 1967 were analyzed. The male/female ratio was 1:4.6. Half of the patients had onset of the disease when they were 26-40 years old; 64％ had character traits of over-anthusiasm and/or narrowmindedness. Only 1.56％ had family history of mental disorder. According to symptomatology, the patients might be classified into: (1) Hysterical psychomotor excitment state (exaltation or maniac condition). (2) Hysterical psychomotor inhibited state (stupor or depression). (3) Hysterical confusion state (delirium, oneirism, consciousness, twilight state, fugue or duplicated personality). (4) Hysterical dementia (puerilism, pseudodementia or Ganser's syndrome). (5) Hysterical hallucinatory paranoid state (hallucination and/or delusion). The clinic manifestations were variable, complex and complicated, so it was not able to establish a certain model form. About half of the patients were accompanied with hysterical somatic symptoms and disturbance of consciousness; 15％ of them showed amnesic syndrome. Their psychotic symptoms usually disappeared rapidly after treatment, yet responsed not so well to the suggestive therapy. If repeated attacks occurred in the course of disease, the rate of complete recovery tended to be lowered. As to prognosis, 37％ of the patients could not be restored to their original work capacity. 140 cases were followed for 11-20 years after discharge from the hospital and no one case turned to become another psychotic disease. It is recognized, therefore, that psychotic hysteria is a special clinical type of hysteria and it should be classified as a definite psychiatric disease entity.
The clinical data of 70 patients, 59 male and 11 female, 10-50 years old, who underwent renal transplantation in Shanghai in the years 1969-1979 were analyzed. According to our experience, for a successful anesthesia, the followings deserve special attention. 1. Patient should have his operation under optimal conditon. Blood dialysis was often used to restore normal blood biochemistry. 2. Initially we used acupuncture anesthesia, but on account of its incomplete analgesia and poor relaxation, we adopted continuous...
The clinical data of 70 patients, 59 male and 11 female, 10-50 years old, who underwent renal transplantation in Shanghai in the years 1969-1979 were analyzed. According to our experience, for a successful anesthesia, the followings deserve special attention. 1. Patient should have his operation under optimal conditon. Blood dialysis was often used to restore normal blood biochemistry. 2. Initially we used acupuncture anesthesia, but on account of its incomplete analgesia and poor relaxation, we adopted continuous epidural anesthesia. The advantages of the latter are good relaxation, less disturbance in postoperative metabolism and renal function, as well as maintenance of consciousness safeguarding against aspiration of gastric contents. A two catheter method of continuous epidural anesthesia was found to be better, since it required less supplemental medication. 3. In poor risk cases, electrocardiogram, central venous pressure; mean arterial pressure and urine flow rate should be continuously monitored to obtain information regarding function of cardiovascular and renal systems. 4. Blood transfusion should be given sparingly to minimize antibody formation. Washed red cells may be used if necessary. 5. Other measures such as diuretics, corticosteroids and immunosuppresive agents should be used intraoperatively.
57 cases of sporadic encephalitis (l955-1980) were reported. Most of them were children and youths. No seasonal difference was present about the onset of illness. Upper respiratory tract infections were common predisposing illnesses. Most patients ( 73.6% ) had acute or subactue onsets without fever. Headache, mental abnormalities with disturbance of consciousness and hemiplegia were the most prominent clinical manifestations. Cerebrospi-nal fluid examination revealed normal findings in 20 cases ( 35.0%)....
57 cases of sporadic encephalitis (l955-1980) were reported. Most of them were children and youths. No seasonal difference was present about the onset of illness. Upper respiratory tract infections were common predisposing illnesses. Most patients ( 73.6% ) had acute or subactue onsets without fever. Headache, mental abnormalities with disturbance of consciousness and hemiplegia were the most prominent clinical manifestations. Cerebrospi-nal fluid examination revealed normal findings in 20 cases ( 35.0%). Intra-cranial hypertension, pleocytosis and hyperalbuminosis were present in 11, 17 and 32 cases respectively. Abnormal EEC was recorded in 39 cases (86.7%),most commonly of diffuse Isowing activity. Most of them responded favorably to corticosteroid treatment. 7 patients died (12.0%). Thee most frequent cases of death were secondary infection and cerebral herniation. Patients once recovered had rather slight residual manifestation in spite of an overwhelming clinical manifestation during acute stage. Autopsy in 2 cases revealed demyelinating brain-stem encephalitis in one and Bale's sclerosis in the other. Authors suggested that acute demyelinating encephalopa-thy would probably account for at least a part of sporadic encephalitis.
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