At present, the emission concentration of smoke, NO x, SO x is 18.51 mg/m 3, 394 mg/m 3, and 430 mg/m 3 respectively, being far below national standard and standard specified by Beijing Municipality.
Finally the Internet separation and IP transmission during 2008 Beijing Olympic Games were forecasted by using the model.
Comparative Analysis of Plant Diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis Forests in Ten Regions of Beijing Mountainous Areas
Based on investigations during 1998-2003, shrubs and herbs, as well as indicators of similarity and diversity in Pinus tabulaeformis forests of ten regions around Beijing were compared and analyzed, and protection measures were suggested.
canadansis) and 22-year-old black locust on sandy sites along the Chaobai River in Beijing.
Regularities of wind-erosion of different land-use types in Yongding River sandy land, Beijing
Local similarity relationships of non-dimensional wind and temperature gradient in the tower-layer atmosphere over Beijing City
A total of 11 PM2.5 samples were collected from October 2003 to October 2004 at 8 sampling sites in Beijing city.
The source apportionment analysis suggests that PAHs from PM2.5 in Beijing city mainly come from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emission.
New measures about restricting coal combustion and vehicle exhaust must be established as soon as possible to improve the air pollution situation in Beijing city.
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) then capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection have been used for determination of nine phenyl compounds in snow water in Beijing City.
By examining an extensive data set covering a period of 2?years, the present study identifies the dietary composition of three sympatric insectivorous bat species in rural areas of Beijing municipality.
To explore the effect of urbanization on plant diversity, we investigated the vascular plant diversity of the whole Beijing Municipality in three different functional (urban, suburban and exurban) regions.
Some problems, such as wetland shrink and biological invasions, were common in the whole Beijing Municipality.
We characterized and analyzed the dynamics of a rapidly expanding urban landscape of Beijing Municipality, based on the Hierarchical Regional Space (HRS) model.
Martial law is declared in some sections of Beijing municipality.
Up to the present, there are 27 species of mosquitoes recorded in Peking. In 1953--1955, wehave collected 19 of them; among these, Culex pipiens var. pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus arethe commonest species in residental areas, where Aedes chemulpoensis, Aedes vexans, Aedesdorsalis, Amopheles hyrcanus var. sinensis and Anopheles pattoni are also frequently found. Culex pipiens var. pallans are usually found resting in dark places inside the houses, Culextritaeniorynchus, Anopeles hyrcannus var. sinensis,...
Up to the present, there are 27 species of mosquitoes recorded in Peking. In 1953--1955, wehave collected 19 of them; among these, Culex pipiens var. pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus arethe commonest species in residental areas, where Aedes chemulpoensis, Aedes vexans, Aedesdorsalis, Amopheles hyrcanus var. sinensis and Anopheles pattoni are also frequently found. Culex pipiens var. pallans are usually found resting in dark places inside the houses, Culextritaeniorynchus, Anopeles hyrcannus var. sinensis, Anopheles pattoni, Aedes dorsslis and Aedesvexans are easily collected from the walls and ceilings of animal houses, whereas Aedes chemul-poensis prefers shaded places for resting in natural surroundings outside of houses. During winter,we also found that green houses, waste artificial caves of city wall, cellers in the field for sweetpotato storage, waste brick-kiln, basement of houses (without heat) are suitable places for hiberna-tion of Culex pipiels var. pallens. In both urban and suburban regions larvae of Culex pipiens var. pallens are prevalentfrom June to September, they were found in almost all types of water, but most of the breedingplaces of Culex tritaeniorynchus are found in the suburban regions. The seasonal distribution of mosquitoes is determined by periodical collection of adults inselecter stations, daily collection of adults in animal traping room and periodical collection of larvaeand pupae. During the 2 years periods, it was revealed that there are two peaks both in Culexpipiens var. pallens and Culex tritaeniorynchus, and the first peak usually occurred before 10thAugust. From the result of the study of ecology of mosquitoes as well as that of the seasonal and regionaldistribution of human cases we consider that Culex pipiens var. pallens and Culex tritaeniorynchusare the most important vectors of Japanese B encephalitis virus in this district.
Based on the statistical analysis of families, genera and species and comparison of related regions, the flora of Peking has been preliminarily analized by present authors in following aspects. 1. The elements of Peking flora. (1) Statistical analysis of femilies, genera and species. a) According to the enumeration of "The Peking Flora" the vascular plants of Peking are belonging to 153 fatuities, 751 genera and 1025 species. b) Analysis of major families. Among Angiosperms 10 leading families are taken for...
Based on the statistical analysis of families, genera and species and comparison of related regions, the flora of Peking has been preliminarily analized by present authors in following aspects. 1. The elements of Peking flora. (1) Statistical analysis of femilies, genera and species. a) According to the enumeration of "The Peking Flora" the vascular plants of Peking are belonging to 153 fatuities, 751 genera and 1025 species. b) Analysis of major families. Among Angiosperms 10 leading families are taken for accounting percentage of their number of species as follows: Compositae, 10％ Gramineae, 9％ Leguminosae, 6％ Rosaceae, 6％ Liliaceae, 4％ Cyperaceae, 4％ Umbelliferae, 3.8％ Ranunculaceae, 3.6％ Cruciferae, 2％ Caryophyllaceae, 2％ c) Statistics of ligneous plants. Woody plants exclusive of the cultivated ones there are 45 families, 96 genera and 199 species; that is about 29％ to the total number of vascular plants. (2) The endemics: The endemics are not strictly restricted to the Peking area, they are also generally found in North China. Accooding to the records and specimens collected there are about 7 spp. which may be considered as endemics, such as Clematis acerifolia Maxim. in Paihuashan and Shangfangshan; Cnidium Smithii (Wolff) W. T. Wang in Paihuashan and Yangjaping) Ligusticum Wawrae Wolff in Chiehtai Sze of Mentougou. Besides, there are about 25 spp. which are distributed correspondingly to the mountain range of North China, as Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge., a monotypie genera occurs almost over North China. (3) The comparison between flora of major regions in Peking: In order to define the floristie characters of different regions of Peking, the authors select Potou, Paihuashan, Kingshan, Shangfangshan, Tancheh Sze and Haitien as 6 major points to make some comparison. According to thedistribution of woody plants in different regions an index of similarity is obtained by calculation and comparison. From Table (1) it shows that the flora of hilly region is more similar to that of the plain (index number=0.75) , and that of Potou and Paihuashan is also closely related (0.77), but the fora of rugged mountainous regions and plain are quite different. Among the 6 regions, hence, there is difference not only between the abundance of spp., but also the composition concerned. (4) Comparison of Peking flora with adjacent regions. By means of the same procedure, the index of similarity shows that, firstly, the ligneous flora of Peking are more closely related to North-east China (0.7). Secondly, it also has intimate relation with the flora of Honan Province, but in the latter nu merous Mid-China elememts are interfused. Thirdly, there are some distinct differences between flora of Peking and Sonthern part of Kiangsu Province. Lastly, the Peking flora appears to have loose relation with flora of Shantung Province and its relation with loes plateau ia also concerned. As stated above, this material seems to have some value of reference as a criterion in dividing the North China flora into provinces and snb-provinces. (5) Monotypic genera: Among the 10 monotypic genera in Peking flora recorded by Bunge (1833) only 4 are recognized as really monotypic at present, they are Xanthoceras, Oresttrophe, Hernistepta, Anemarrhena. (6) The transitional characters of elements of Peking flora: Due to its geographical and geological situation Peking flora has its European-Sibiria elements and Northeast China dements as the southern border, and on the contrary, some elements of tropical origin meet their north bonder just within this area. 2. Origin of Peking flora and its division. By the analysis stated above, it shows that Peking flora is practically as a part of North China flora. In Peking flora there are numerous elements as the relics of Tertiary flora, meanwhile*some migrating elements from other regions are also present, especially in plain. Elements of tropical origin as components of Peking flora indicate that they were either as remnants of tropical climate during geological time or as migrants after glaciation. For the furfher division of Peking flora, extensive work should be done to give a real prospect. It is difficult to define those limitations at present. However, it is evident to note that flora of rugged mountainous region, low hilly rigion and plain are very different, flora of western part and eastern part of rugged mountainous region are also quite unlike; this seems as an useful reference for floristic division of Peking area.
The Chinese drug Hu-huang-lien, rhizome of Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., was usually imported from India. In recent years, a plant of similar habit and identified to be P. scrophulariaeflora Pennell was found in Tibet Autonomous Region. The authors made a detailed comparison of the morphology, histology, capillary image, extractives, and bitterness of the dried rhizome with that of the imported material. It was found that both drugs are similar in all respects. A detailed botanical description of the plant...
The Chinese drug Hu-huang-lien, rhizome of Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., was usually imported from India. In recent years, a plant of similar habit and identified to be P. scrophulariaeflora Pennell was found in Tibet Autonomous Region. The authors made a detailed comparison of the morphology, histology, capillary image, extractives, and bitterness of the dried rhizome with that of the imported material. It was found that both drugs are similar in all respects. A detailed botanical description of the plant is also given.
近年在西藏自治区发现并收购一种胡黄连,作者等对其原植物进行了鉴定,认为是胡黄连(Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.)的近绿植物Ricrorrhiza scrophulariaeflora Pen-nell,并拟名为“西藏胡黄连”.为了确定西藏胡黄连的根茎能否代替进口胡黄连供药用,作者等详细地观察并描述了西藏胡黄连的生药外形及组织构造,同时进行了毛管象的观察以及醇溶性浸出物、水溶性浸出物和苦味度的测定,并与北京市售的进口胡黄连进行比较.结果证明二者在上述各方面殆完全一致.
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