From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republican period, there was a transition on the understanding of the relationship between China as a state and its localities.
The emphasis on solidarity and patriotism, stimulated by foreign encroachment that had existed since the late Qing Dynasty, began to shift to an ethical revolution centering on individual liberation.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republican period, there was a transition on the understanding of the relationship between China as a state and its localities.
The emphasis on solidarity and patriotism, stimulated by foreign encroachment that had existed since the late Qing Dynasty, began to shift to an ethical revolution centering on individual liberation.