Since Geotherm is a kind of clean and sustainable energy, the Gradient Utilization System of Geotherm will play an important role in the related field.
Generally speaking, besides the structure of the rock mass, the factors that influence the stability of the underground excavation in the jointed rock mass include initial stress, groundwater, earthquake and terrestrial heat and other environmental factors.
Combined with the sedimentary burial history and basin geothermal history, the modeling of carbon isotope kinetics provides a new and effective means for the determination of the origin and accumulation history of natural gas pools.
The carbon isotopic characteristics of natural gas are not only affected by the gas source and maturity of the source rock, but also are related to the accumulation condition and geothermal gradient in a basin.
Several natural associations composed of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria capable of utilizing various cellulose materials at 60 ± 2°C and pH 6.0-7.0 were isolated from the sludge of Kamchatka geothermal springs.
It is assumed that a layer of mantle matter, rising up or going down, enters a region of decompression (in which for a number of reasons the geotherm passes above the temperature of the solidus) and is subjected to partial fusion there.
In basaltic composition, CaCO3 (calcite and aragonite), the major carbonate phase in marine sediments, is altered into MgCO3 (magnesite) via reactions with Mg-bearing silicates under conditions that are 200-300°C colder than the mantle geotherm.
Furthermore, CO2 itself breaks down to diamond and oxygen under geotherm conditions over 70?GPa, which might imply a possible mechanism for diamond formation in the lower mantle.
Temperature is an important factor affecting seismic velocity, and terrestrial heat flow is the most direct indication of temperature distribution of the lithosphere.
It has higher resolution and greater depth penetration than the direct current method and is especially fit for geothermal energy exploration and low-and mid-level groundwater detection.