In rats receiving infusion of 100 μl of 2% formalin into the urethra, a large number of FOS positive neurons were seen in the lumbosacral cord segments (L6 and S1), and they were primarily distributed in the medial dorsal horn and dorsal commissural nucleus.
Methods Supporting tissue of the bladder neck and the posterior urethra was dissociated and the front part of muscle of the bladder neck 1 cm×1 cm in size was extirpated. Urogenital diaphragm was also incised on both sides of the urethra behind the bulbourethra in male rhesus monkeys.
Conclusion Destroying the muscles, including internal and external urethral sphincters and supporting tissues of the bladder neck and the posterior urethra, is a simple and stable method for establishing an experimental rhesus monkey model of urinary incontinence due to sphincteric deficiency.
On a Theory of the Infusion Method of Measuring the "Opening Pressure" in the Urethra
At rest the muscles which control the urethra (urine duct) are contracted and its lumen is practically equal to zero over its entire length.
To open the urethra, a mechanical effort (due, for example, to a pressure rise in the bladder) must be applied.
A widespread method of estimating the "blocking capability" of the urethra consists in inserting a catheter with lateral perforations near the end.
The problems of theoretical biomechanical studies of the urine formation and excretion system (urinary system), from renal filtration to urine motion in the urethra, are reviewed.
Adherence of Escherichia coli and Pro-teus mirabilis to human uroepithelial cells invitro was studied. Uroepithelial cells fromfresh morning urine of healthy young girlsand from mucous membrane of ureter of thedonors were used. The P. mirabilis strainsadhered only to squamous cells and not totransitional epithelial cells. P-fimbriated uro-pathogenic E. coli strains adhered to boththe cell types in a great quantity, whereastype-I fimbriated common E. coli strainsadhere? to either of the cell types verypoorly,...
Adherence of Escherichia coli and Pro-teus mirabilis to human uroepithelial cells invitro was studied. Uroepithelial cells fromfresh morning urine of healthy young girlsand from mucous membrane of ureter of thedonors were used. The P. mirabilis strainsadhered only to squamous cells and not totransitional epithelial cells. P-fimbriated uro-pathogenic E. coli strains adhered to boththe cell types in a great quantity, whereastype-I fimbriated common E. coli strainsadhere? to either of the cell types verypoorly, but were heavily trapped by normalurinal slime. Difference in adhesion charac-teristics between the fimbriated E.coli andthe P. mirabilis may be related to the dif-ferent clinical manifestation of the urinarytract infection. Optimal test conditions wereobthained with post-log-phase bacterial cul-tures grown on the nutrient broth and nowashing of the bacteria before incubationwith the epithelial cells. The measure of theadherence of bacteria to the surface of theepithelial cells with the stained smear wasmore convenient and accurate than with thewet film,and the problem whether thecounts under microscope are those of thebacteria attached to the surface of theepithetial cells or of the inclusions in theepithelial cells could be solved.
Endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells, also known as APUD or neuroendocrine cells, have been known to exist in the mammalian genito-urinary system. A fairly common localization is in the prostate and urethra. In this study we demonstrated for the first time the presence of small number of EP cells in the dissociated epithelial cells of the seminal vesicles of the guinea pig. The EP cells exhibited yellow FIF, while a few green or yellow-green FIF cells can be observed after L-dopa treatment. They were stained positive...
Endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells, also known as APUD or neuroendocrine cells, have been known to exist in the mammalian genito-urinary system. A fairly common localization is in the prostate and urethra. In this study we demonstrated for the first time the presence of small number of EP cells in the dissociated epithelial cells of the seminal vesicles of the guinea pig. The EP cells exhibited yellow FIF, while a few green or yellow-green FIF cells can be observed after L-dopa treatment. They were stained positive by the Masson-Fontana's method but consistently negative with the Grimelius silver methods indicating that they were of argentaffin nature or other paracrine cells.
Fourteen cases of hyposPadias and three cases of urethrostenosis were treated with transposition of scrotal flap based on the septal artery and vein. Twelve Patients were followed up for an average period of twenty months with. satisfactory results. Some anatomical study on the scrotal flap was also reported.
尿道
urethra 
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