the gelled fluid without gel breaker added completely breaks down in 8 hrs at 115—135℃ and the mechanisms of autobreakdown of OB200 system are discussed;
On the basis of investigation of breaking polymer gel with oxidizers such as H_2O_2, K_2S_2O_8, BH, CH, this paper uses the orthogonal test method to probe the optimized composition of gel breaking agent.
Research result shows that, when temperature is below 52℃, APS gel breaker can bring into play only with the aid of a low temperature breaking agent, and gel breaking speed increases with the increasing of APS concentration;
Hence, proposed reservoir protection measures are: the salinity of inflow fluid during drilling, oil testing and well-flushing should be above 4250 mg/L; ferric ion stabilizer, antiswelling agent and breaking agent must be added in inflow fluid when performing acid deplugging with concentrated phosphoric acid and thermal deplugging with inorganic salt and micellar acid.
By analysis of the former fracture technology and its difficult points, optimal design has been used and some directed measures, which are crossover connection of design and field operation, timely adjustment, step rate increasing out put, wedge adding breaking agent, forcefully sealed fracture, sectional grave in put, under displacement technology, have been taken and reached the fracture successful ratio and effectiveness to 100 percentage.
At temperature of 15℃, the breaking time of ternary complex of (NH4)2S2O8/H2O2/ Na2SO3 was shorted 45 hours than that of single breaker of ( NH4)2S2O8. The ternary system has successfully been applied for more 30 wells in Shanbei oil fields.
Using 5% SD02 solution as secondary breaker to treat 14 wells of the 17 wells having been hydrofractured with bad breaking results, the percent backflow is increased from 8.2—11.4% to 19.8—33.1%, the viscosity of the flown fluid is decreased from 157—172 mPa·s to 1.5—5.1 mPa·s and the productivity of these wells is notably raised.
The solidifying agent of waste drilling fluid is presented, which is consisted of loosing agent (5%-15%), hardening agent (5%-18%), absorbing agent (1%-10%), and gel-breaking agent (1%-3%).
PJJ, HNJ-1, ASNG,and HNZJ-1 disposal agents, having better effects on drilling fluid wastes treatment, can reduce COD from 18000 mg/L to 58.8 mg/L, removing the COD by 99.67%;
The data presented here support the conclusion that NO is a potent dormancy breaking agent for seeds and grains.
The serum of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis contains a chromosome-breaking agent which can be transferred into the lymphocyte cultures of healthy donors.
Chromosome-breaking agent of low molecular weight in human systemic Lypus Erythematosus
The serum of patients with systemic lupus erymathosus contains a chromosome-breaking agent of low molecular weight, which produces chromosomal breakage and rearrangement in lymphocyte cultures of healthy donors.
Selenomethionine as a dormancy-breaking agent in seeds of Stylosanthes humilis
Water soluble high polymer solution has been widely used as fracturing fluid, friction-reducing agent and filtration loss agent in fracturing, drilling and well completion etc. To minimize the damage done to the pay zone by high polymers from adsorption and plugging, a kind of efficient controllable delay breaker has been developed. When synthetic polymers(like crosslinked polycrylamide and its derivatives)is used as fracturing fluid in pay zones with temperature lower than 50℃ and permeability less than I md.,...
Water soluble high polymer solution has been widely used as fracturing fluid, friction-reducing agent and filtration loss agent in fracturing, drilling and well completion etc. To minimize the damage done to the pay zone by high polymers from adsorption and plugging, a kind of efficient controllable delay breaker has been developed. When synthetic polymers(like crosslinked polycrylamide and its derivatives)is used as fracturing fluid in pay zones with temperature lower than 50℃ and permeability less than I md., the conventional breaker (inorganic oxidant) is usually inefficient. The Institute has developed a new efficient CB-breaker capable of degrading thoroughly gels in different kinds of water soluble polymer solution (natural or modified vegetable gum, cellulose, synthetic polymer) under temperature higher than 25℃ to minimize damage done to the pay zones. Some modification of prescription and dosage according to the specific conditions of pay zones may do well to control the rate of gel breaking. Laboratory test and field application have both produced satisfactory result.
A new kind of fracturing fluid has prepared by using titanium compound as crosslinking agent and polyaerylamide (PAM) as gel agent with some gel breaker and antiemulsion agent added in the system. This gel system possesses high viscosity, low flow resistance and fluid loss coefficiency, and breaks in predictive time without any residue left and emulsification phenomena with oil in broken gel fluid. The excellent characteristic of this gel system is that the inorganic titanium compound used as crosslinking agent...
A new kind of fracturing fluid has prepared by using titanium compound as crosslinking agent and polyaerylamide (PAM) as gel agent with some gel breaker and antiemulsion agent added in the system. This gel system possesses high viscosity, low flow resistance and fluid loss coefficiency, and breaks in predictive time without any residue left and emulsification phenomena with oil in broken gel fluid. The excellent characteristic of this gel system is that the inorganic titanium compound used as crosslinking agent acts as anticlayswelling agent after gel being broken, so that this fracturing fluid can be used in the underground formation containing a huge amount of clay. The effect of various factors (such as the pH of basic fluid, concentration, molecular weight, and degree of hydrolysis of PAM, the ratio of basic fluid to crosslinking fluid, temperature and salinity) on the inorganic titanium gel system has been researched and the operational performance of this system as fracturing fluid has been determined, All experimental results show that this gel is much better in performance than that from Tianqing gum and borax (a kind of fracturing fluid usually used in oid field).
Sodium sulfate and sodium sulfite are selected for use at higher temperatures in aqueous hydrofracturing fluids based on acrylamide/inethylenebisacrylamide copolymer as gel breakers.The heat resistance, break-down and liquification, and sand loading of gelled fracturing fluids and polymer molecular weight as an influencing factor are studied in laboratory for three basic systems. V/ith (NH_4)_2S_2O_8 as gel breaker the fracturing fluids (type Ⅰ) can be use at 120—130℃; with Na_2SO_4 and Na_2CO_3 (pH regulator)...
Sodium sulfate and sodium sulfite are selected for use at higher temperatures in aqueous hydrofracturing fluids based on acrylamide/inethylenebisacrylamide copolymer as gel breakers.The heat resistance, break-down and liquification, and sand loading of gelled fracturing fluids and polymer molecular weight as an influencing factor are studied in laboratory for three basic systems. V/ith (NH_4)_2S_2O_8 as gel breaker the fracturing fluids (type Ⅰ) can be use at 120—130℃; with Na_2SO_4 and Na_2CO_3 (pH regulator) (type Ⅱ)—at 100—150℃; with Na_2SO_3, NaHSO_3 (pH regulator) , ZrOCl_2 (crosslinker) and methanol (type Ⅲ)—at 150—180℃. Hydrofracturing fluids of tye Ⅱ were used in 10 producing wells of depth 2300—3640m with 100% successfulness and carried more sand than those of type Ⅰ.
破胶剂
gel breaker
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