Results:The drug-susceptibility rate of the 157 isolates to vancomycin was 97.45%,to ampicillin was 96.81% and to mitrofurantoin was 96.17%,and to gentamycin penicillin-G,ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin it was below 50%.
The resistance rates of 53 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococcus to vancomycin(0),linezolid(0),moxilloxacin(0),introfurantoin(3.8%),leofloxacin(5.7%),rifampin(5. 7),tetracycline(20.8),elindamycin(22.6)and gentamycin(22.6%)were less than 30%.
Levofloxacin was the best monotherapy for early and late onset pneumonia (75% and 60% respetively). The sensitivity of imipenem plus vancomycin was 100% in early onset pneumonia and 95% in late onset one.
None of Gram positive strains was resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin,and the resistant rates to chloromycetin,nitrofurantoin, fosfomyein was 12%,15.6%,and 18.2%,respectively.
All of 30 CNS were susceptible to Vancomycin. The strains of oxacillin≥8μg/ml were resistible to 9—13 of 15 antibitotics,the strains of oxacillin≤2μg/ml were only resistible to 1—5 of 15 antibitotics.
The fault rates of penicillin, cepfatraxone, cefotaxime, chloromycetin and tetracycline were 3.6%, 3.6%, 1.8%, and 1.8% respectively, while the accuracy rates of vacomycine, ofloxacin, erythromycine and rifampin were 100% instead in susceptibility tests on Columbia base medium.
Rates of sensitivities to rifampin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, trimethoprim\|sulfamethoxazole, gentamycin, and lincomycin were 99.31%, 95.86%, 93.10%, 92.41%, 86.21%, 84.83% and 80.69% respectively. All strains were sensitive to vacomycine and 37.93% of the strains were resistant to erythromycine.
25 strains (96.2%) of enterococcus were susceptible to vacomycine while the sensitive rate of coagulase-negative staphylococcus to ciprofloxacin, vacomycine and rifampin were 80%, 100%, 100% respectively.
On the 3~rd day of CVVH therapy, the pharmacokinetic parameters were:t 1/2α0.41 h,t 1/2β5.75 h,V c 21.92 L,c ma x 22.81 μg·mL~-1,c min 5.82 μg·mL~-1,CL 3.49 L and V ss 28.32 L,respectively.
RESULTS MIC and MBC were 1mg/L and 8mg/L respectively. Given by intravenous drip 500mg q12h, the trough concentrations of vacomycin in serum、ascites and bile were 12.50±2.55mg/L,18.12±5.8mg/L and 2.82±0.62mg/L separately.
Chiral sorbents for HPLC separation of optical isomers carrying glycopeptide antibiotics (eremomycin or its eremosaminyl aglycon, ristomycin, or vancomycin) fixed onto the surface of silica gel have been synthesized.
Four simple, accurate, sensitive and economical procedures (A-D) for the estimation of gentamicin sulphate and vancomycin hydrochloride, both in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations have been developed.
Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlations in the concentration ranges 4-8, 3-8, 4-9 and 5-9 μg ml-1 with gentamicin and 4-8, 1.5-4, 1.5-4 and 3.5-5.5 μg ml-1 with vancomycin for methods A, B, C, and D, respectively.
Overall, the rate of multiply resistant isolates roughly tripled (from 20 to 71 %) and, by 1994, the frequency of isolates susceptible to vancomycin only was as high as 11%, which remarkably limits options for therapy.